数寄屋建築の天井を遺すこと
数寄屋建築を改装した宿泊施設である。場所は京都東山の歴史的建造物が軒をつらねる景観の美しい通りに面している。
天井裏に保存されていた御幣によると、既存建物は大正9年に上棟しており、大工は、当時祇園のお茶屋建築を多く手がけた数寄屋大工、建主は、当時大阪一と言われた料亭の主人であり茶人としても記録が残る人物であることが分かった。当時の茶会の記録（大正茶道記など）を調べると、本建物の記述があり、大正後期から昭和初期にかけて、この茶人が茶会を催す場として使われていた事が分かった。
南北に細長い敷地で、建物は敷地形状に沿って南北に細長く西寄りに配置されている。建物の東側には庭が設けられていて、各部屋には庭が眺められる大きな開口部があり、数寄屋建築ならではの雁行した平面配置により、建築全体として庭と一体の空間構成となっていた。
可能な限り遺すべき建物であるが、宿泊施設として設備機器の設置が必要である。照明、空調機器、消防設備を施すため一般的には天井をやり替えることが考えられるが、数寄屋建築の場合、天井意匠に特徴があり、やり替えはその価値が損なわれると思われる。本建築も特に天井意匠に凝った建物であり、北山杉で組まれた軒天井、部屋ごとに意匠を変えた竿縁天井、床の間の網代天井、茶室の蒲天井、そしてシルクの柄紙が貼られた2階洋間の折り上げ天井など、遺すことが課せられている意匠である事は、これらを実測して図面化していく過程でより一層感じさせられた。
そこで、照明は天井を改変せず、既存の入れ替えやダウンライトを最小限に新設し、それ以外は床置きの造作家具や、後述する方法で開口部に間接照明を施して照度を確保した。空調も基本的に天井には設けず、床置き、壁掛けエアコンとし、さらに換気扇も入れ込んだ造作家具として空間に馴染ませた。消防設備は、特定小規模施設用自動火災報知設備を採用して天井配線を無くしている。
天井は保存するだけではなく、既存意匠をより良く見せる工夫もしている。保健所とホテル運営の条件により、窓にはブラインドが必要であったが、ブラインドボックスを設置する天井側に間接照明を施して、既存天井をライトアップしている。
床は殆どが畳敷きであったことにより、通常天井裏を回す電気配線を、床下に変えて、スイッチ、床暖房のコントローラーなどは、必要な場所に柱状に立ち上げた家具のような造作に施す事により土壁を遺している。開口部は建て付けが悪いもの以外は既存利用とし、気密性の確保が必要なところは、既存雨戸を取り外してガラスの框戸に入れ替えた。
その他、新たに造作家具を設けているが、これらはあえて素材や色合いを既存と変えたオーク材とした。そうする事で新たに挿入した事がわかるようにすると共に、新旧を可視化してその関係を表現したのと宿泊客に清潔感を印象付ける効果をねらった。浴室や洗面所も同様の考えで、オークの造作家具とヒノキの壁天井、強化ガラスの開口部にした。メインの浴槽からはガラスの窓を介して西側にある坪庭を眺められる。
構造的には、限界耐力計算により、主要な居室の土壁は極力遺しながらダンパー金物や耐震土壁パネルを施して柔らかく耐震補強を行った。
このように、終始既存建物へ敬意を払いながら設計し、細かいところの色合いや素材感は現場で丁寧に確認して決めていった。既存のまま、或いは既存に寄り添う控えめな付加で、既存の空間構成、意匠性は変わらない快適な宿泊施設となっている。
所在地：京都市東山区高台寺
用途：ホテル 一棟貸し
構造・規模：木造・地上2階
敷地面積：473㎡
延床面積：198㎡（改修エリア）
施工会社：大村工務店
共同設計者：
ヤマサキアトリエ、増谷高根建築研究所
FFEデザイン：株式会社ワサビ
竣工年：2024年
写真撮影：繁田諭
Importance of preserving Sukiya-style ceilings
This is a hotel renovated from a Sukiya-style building. The location faces a beautiful street lined with historical buildings in Higashiyama, Kyoto.
According to Gohei, a kind of building plaque, preserved in the ceiling, the existing building was built in 1920, and the carpenter was a famous man who built many teahouses in Gion at the time, and the owner was a restaurant owner that was said to be the best in Osaka at the time, and a person who is also recorded as a tea master. Records of tea ceremonies from that time, there was a description of this building, and it was found that this tea master used it as a place to hold tea ceremonies from the late Taisho period to the early Showa period.
The site is long and narrow from north to south, and the building is arranged on the west side of the site, following the shape of the site. There is a garden on the east side of the building, and each room has a large opening from which the garden can be viewed. The uneaven floor plan, unique to sukiya-style architecture, makes the building a spatial composition that is integrated with the garden.
This is a building that should be preserved as much as possible, but it is necessary to install equipment as a hotel. Generally, ceilings would be replaced to accommodate lighting, air conditioning, and firefighting equipment, but in the case of sukiya-style architecture, the ceiling design is unique, and replacing it would likely diminish its value. This building is particularly elaborate in its ceiling design, and the fact that it is a design that must be preserved. It became even more apparent in the process of measuring and drawing up the plans.
Therefore, the ceiling was not modified for lighting, and existing lighting was replaced and new downlights were installed to a minimum, and the illuminance was ensured by installing floor furniture and indirect lighting in the openings using a method described below. Air conditioning was also not installed in the ceiling, but floor-mounted and wall-mounted air conditioners, and a ventilation fan was also installed as a built-in piece of furniture to blend in with the space.
Not only was the ceiling preserved, but efforts were also made to make the existing design look even better. Due to the low and hotel management, blinds were required for the windows, so indirect lighting was installed on the ceiling side where the blind boxes were installed, lighting up the existing ceiling.
As most of the floor was covered with tatami mats, the electrical wiring that usually runs through the ceiling was moved to under the floor, and switches and floor heating controls were installed in necessary places as furniture-like pillars, preserving the earthen walls. Except for openings that were poorly fitted, the existing ones were used, and where airtightness was required, the existing wooden shutters were removed and replaced with wooden frame glass windows.
In addition, new furniture was installed, but these were made of oak, which is different in material and color from the existing ones, so that it was possible to notice that new furniture had been added, and the relationship between the old and the new was visualized, and the aim was to give guests an impression of cleanliness. The bathroom and washroom were designed with the same idea, with oak furniture, Japanese cypress walls and ceilings, and reinforced glass openings. From the main bathtub, a glass window allows a view of the small courtyard garden to the west.
Structurally, calculations determined that as much of the earthen walls of the main rooms as possible were retained, while damper metal fittings and earthquake-resistant earthen wall panels were added to softly reinforce the structure.
In this way, the design was carried out with respect for the existing building from start to finish, and the color scheme and texture of the finer details were carefully confirmed and decided in the middle of construction. By preserving the existing elements as it was, or making modest additions that blend in with it, the existing spatial composition and design remain unchanged, resulting in a new comfortable accommodation.
Site : Kodaiji, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto
Use : Hotel
Structure : Wood
Floors : 2 upper floors
Site area : 473sqm
Total floor area : 198sqm (renovated area)
Construction company : Oomura komuten
Co-designer:
Atelier Yamasaki,
Takane Masutani Architecture Laboratory
FFE Design: wasab! co.,ltd.
Completion year : 2024
photo by Satoshi Shigeta
